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Jim Crow. Two words that encapsulated over a century of discrimination against black Americans on the federal, state and county levels of governance. By 1900 after the failure of the Re-Construction Era to plot any long term plans for civil equality between black and white, Jim Crow was in full effect, disenfranchising black Americans fromContinue reading “Why had a system of Jim Crow race relations emerged in the U.S. by the end of the nineteenth century?”

Royalism. Colonialism. Imperialism. Divide and Conquer. That was the practice of the British from the early 17th Century right until the decolonisation era that begun in the post-war era, which arguably is continuing in smaller ways today. Many understand the practices, the horrifying atrocities committed against millions of indigenous peoples by the invading forces thatContinue reading “Royal Imperialism: How Republicanism is the only path forward that deals with the core root of Britain’s colonial past.”

 It is said that the spirits of all past rebellions are present when revolutionary aims are finally achieved. However the path from rebellion to revolution is not as linear as the line of questioning suggests. It is not a given that all rebellions naturally lead to future revolution. This essay will contend that the pathContinue reading “Do Rebellions naturally become Revolutions?”

The newly signed ‘AUKUS’ alliance between Australia, the UK and the US can be seen as a reactionary response to the current state of global power, and particularly focuses upon the importance of the Indo-Pacific region. This essay will contend that the alliance signals a shifting balance of power, which has the potential to threatenContinue reading “Does a Nuclear Australia change the global balance of power?”

In a turbulent international system, the continuation of ingrained principles such as those laid down in Westphalia is a hard task to continue. Yet for the most part, this remains true. This essay will ascertain that the principles of Westphalia still mainly operate as the rule-setting agenda that underpins International Relations. Furthermore, as a homogenisedContinue reading “Is the current International Order still ‘Westphalian’?”

A historically flawed electoral system, an unrestricted rightwing politico-media complex and lying politicians were the fundamental causes of Brexit; and they still exist as the fundamental cancers attached to British democracy today. A radical update of the political system is urgently needed. In this article I’ll touch on what went wrong, how we can ensureContinue reading “Broken Britain: How Brexit highlighted the gaping holes in British democracy.”

There can be no racial justice without socio-economic justice. This is a known reality for all socialists in the world today. Martin knew this. Malcolm knew this. They professed as such. However for many, these concepts seem rather abstract and undefined, leading to the inability to make the important connection between the two. Here IContinue reading “Without Socio-Economic Justice, Racial Justice is impossible.”

Year 1, Block 4, Introduction to Political Science. Please contact me if you would like the source articles! Introduction Descriptive Representation is the idea that minority communities’ political representatives should reflect the mainstream experiences of that community in their own background. Yet does this improve overall representation of minorities within the mainstream political system? MansbridgeContinue reading “Context is everything; Descriptive Representation in Advanced Western Democratic States, and the call for the extension to the rest of the world.”